AIX - COMMANDS

Commands

CUT:

lspv | cut -c 6-7            lists the hdisks numbers (cuts the 6th and 7tn character (disk nubers))
dlnkmgr view -drv | grep -w 00000 | awk '{print $4}' | cut -d . -f 3

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EXPR: integer arithmetic

\*                           multiplication (\ is needed to tell * is not a special character)
/                            division
%                            remainder
+                            addition
-                            substraction

expr \( 6 + 4 \) / 2        5

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FIND: recursively searches the directory tree

find / -xdev -type f -name "cor*" -size +10000c -exec ls -l {} \;

    /                        where to find
    -xdev                    looks only in the given fs
    -type f                  what type to look for (f: file, d: direcory)
    -name "cor*"             name to look for
    -size +10000c            search for the given size (+10000c : greater than 10000 character (larger then 10kbyte))
    -size +2                 search for greater than 1kbyte (bloxk size is 512 byte, that's why +2 is given)
    -exec ls -l {} \;        what command to execute
                             ({}: it represents each findings and \; is needed at the end of line)
                             e.g. find /home -xdev -name "*.old" -exec rm {} \;
    -mtime -1                file modifocation date is less then 1 day (+1 means older than 1 day)

find . -name '*.ksh' -ok rm {} \; this will ask if the command (rm) should be executed or not (much safer if find is not perfect)
find /etc/rc.d -ls           it lists the files and dirs in the given dir
find /tmp/bb -exec awk '/func/ {print FILENAME}' {} \;   it will check in /tmp/bb if any files contains the word "func" and list those

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GREP: (Global Regular Expression Parser) The grep command searches for the pattern.

grep -i                      ignore case (small letter or capital)
grep -c                      displays only a count of matching lines
grep -n                      shows line number at the beginning of the matching line
grep -v                      invert the sense of matching, to select non-matching lines
grep -w                      selects only whole words
grep -l                      lists the name of the files (once) which contain matching line  (grep -l paging00 *)

ps -ef | egrep 'ssh|aix'     select lines with ssh and aix
errpt -a|grep -A1 'NAME'     selects lines with NAME and shows 1 line after that (A: after, B: before)

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HEAD, TAIL:

head filename                displays first 10 lines of the file
head -50 filename            displays first 50 lines

tail filename                displays last 10 lines of the file
tail -50 filename            displays last 50 lines
tail +15 filename            displays the file starting from the 15th line
tail -f filename             used when we are monitoring the file (interactively shows how the file is changing)

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LSOF:


NETWORK
-n                           no host name resolution
-P                           not converts port numbers to port names

lsof -i                      show all network connections
lsof -i| grep LISTEN         shows what ports are waiting for connections
lsof -i | grep ESTABLISHED   shows current active connections

lsof -i tcp                  list only TCP connections (works with udp as well)
lsof -i :<port>              shows all connections of a given port (lsof -i :22 or lsof -i :ssh)
lsof -i @<host>              shows connections to a specific host (lsof -i @192.168.1.5)
lsof -i protocol:@ip:port    this is the syntax for network findings (protocol: tcp or udp, @ip: any ip address, port: a port number)
lsof -a -u <user> -i         shows all network activity of a user (-a combines -u and -i)

USER, FILES, PROCESSES
lsof -u <user>               shows what is open for a user (lsof -u oracle)
lsof <file>                  shows what is using a file (lsof /var/adm/syslog.log)
lsof <directory>             shows what pids are using the filesystem (directory) (it can be good if we cannot umount)
lsof +D <directory>          shows which file is open by which process in a directory (lsof +D /usr)
                             (+D will show recurcively the open files, otherwise only device name would be shown)
lsof -N                      list all NFS files
lsof -c <command>            shows files and network connections a command is using (lsof -c ssh)

lsof -p <pid>                shows what a proccess ID has open (lsof -p 335545)

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HOW TO FIND WHAT FILES ARE OPENED BY A PID

1.
root@aix20: /root # lsof -p 319660
COMMAND    PID USER   FD   TYPE   DEVICE SIZE/OFF  NODE NAME
ovcd    319660 root   32r  VREG     10,5    12153 69705 /usr (/dev/hd2)

(it will show the filesystem and the indode number (69705))


2.
root@aix20: /root # find /usr -inum 69705
/usr/lpp/VV/msg/en_US/sec.cm.client.cat


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METACHARACTERS, VARIABLES:

                     GREP    SHELL
single character      .       ?
multicharacter        .*      *
character range     [x-z]    [x-z]
begins a line         ^       N/A
ends a line           $       N/A
variable             N/A      $   

HOME                         home directory
$PS1                         prompt symbol   
set                          displays the values of all shell variables

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RSYNC:

Much like cp, rsync copies files from a source to a destination. Unlike cp, the source and destination of an rsync operation can be local or remote. rsync can resume a transfer after interruption; it transfers only those portions of a file that differ between source and destination; and rsync can perform entire or incremental backups.

By default, rsync uses Secure Shell (SSH) as its transport mechanism; you can reuse your machine aliases and public keys with rsync

rsync -av /tmp/bb_rs30 /tmp/bb        it will copy the directory (/tmp/bb_rs30) and its contents under /tmp/bb
rsync -av /tmp/bb_rs30/ /tmp/bb       it will copy the contents of the named directory but not the directory itself (check / at the end)
                                      -v option enables verbose messages
                                      -a option (stands for archive), is a shorthand for -rlptgoD:
                                      recurse, copy symbolic links as symbolic links, preserve permissions, preserve file times,
                                      preserve group, preserve owner, and preserve devices and special files, respectively

rsync -n -av /tmp/bb_rs30/ /tmp/bb   -n: previews what will happen but does not move a single byte (it is good for testing)

rsync -av /tmp/bb_rs30/ aix2:/tmp/bb_rs20  it will copy the contents of the given dir to the other host
                                           (assuming the same login name on the remote machine)


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SORT:

cat /etc/passwd | sort -t: -n +2
    -t:                      gives the delimeter character (here :, deafult is the space)
    -n                       numerical order
    +2                       sort by the 3rd column
    -r                       reverse order

df -m | sort -n +3 | egrep '9.%|100%'    sorts by the 4th column (%) of the filesstems, which are 90-100% full
cat animals | sort +0.1      sort the file animals by the second character of the first word
ls -lR |sort -nk 5|tail -20  sorts the 20 largest file
lspv | sort -k1.6n           list hdisk in numerical order (lspv|sort -tk +1 -n <--it is the same (delimiter is "k")
lspv | sort -k1,1.5 -k1.6n   list hdisks then vpaths in numeric order

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TAR:

tar -cvf /tmp/file.tar .                       saves where we are to the given path (-c: create, -v: verbose, -f: file)
tar -cvf conf.tar conf                         creates conf.tar of the dir conf
tar -xvf /tmp/file.tar                         extracts the tar file (-x: extract)
tar -xvf -C /home/bb /tmp/file.tar             it will extract the tar file to /home/bb
tar -tvf /tmp/file.tar                         list (verify) the content of a tar file

tar -cf - * | gzip -9 > vmi.tar.gz             makes tar and zip wehere we are
tar cvf - openssh5.8p1 | gzip -c > openssh5.8p1.tgz   creates tgz in one command


tar: 0511-197 DirectorServer: Cannot write data extracted with the tar command:
A file cannot be larger than the value set by ulimit.

I changed these ulimit settings after that it was OK (dont't forget to logout and login again)
root@bb_lpar: /bb # chuser fsize=-1 fsize_hard=-1 root
root@bb_lpar: /bb # chuser data=-1 data_hard=-1 root

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TRUSS:

truss <command>              it will show what system calls a command makes
truss -c -p <pid>            it will trace a process (-c: counts the system calls rather than displaying them, -p: pid)
truss -d -p <pid> -o
truss -t open lsps -a        shows whatis needed for the given command (here lsps -a)

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XARGS:

lspv|awk '{print$1}'|xargs   it will list the elements in a line separated with space
cat list | xargs -t rm       will rm all the files which are in the file list
ls | xargs -t -I {} mv {} {}.old it will rename to .old all the file in the current dir
    -t                       it echoes the constructed command (trace mode) (it is optional)
    -I {}                    insert each line of the ls to that place where the {} symbol appear

lsdev -Cc disk | xargs -n1 rmdev -dl removes all the listed disks
    -n1                      1 element will be passed each time to xargs (if n2 then the command will be created with 2 elements)

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ZIPPING:

gzip-V                       shows gzip version
gzip file1                   zip
gzip -d file1.gz             unzip

gzip -9 filename             will zip (and remove the file automatically)
gunzip filename              unzipping it

gzip -c file > file.gz       it creates a zip file but leave the original file as well
> filename                   after that original file can be emptied

compress file1               the original file will be deleted and a new compressed file will be created with a .Z at the end
zcat file1.Z                 displays the compressed files (without uncompression)
uncomress file1.Z            uncompressing a file (the compressed one will be deleted)

if you receive this:
gunzip SysDir6_2.tar.gz
gunzip: SysDir6_2.tar: File too large

this is because gzip 1.2.4 (or lower gzip versions) need a patch to accept large files, workaround for this problem:
gzip -d -c SysDir6_2.tar.gz| tar xvf -

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OTHER:

file <filename>              shows the type of a file

diff file1 file2             compares only text files
cmp file1 file2              compares all types of files
dircmp dir1 dir2             compares directories

time cp file1 /home          show the time to accomplish the command (godd for performance analysis)

ps $$                        shows which shell is in use
echo $SHELL                  shows the current shell
printenv                     view environmental variables

cat -vet file                shows tabs, enters... as viewable characters
    -v                       displays non-printing characters as visible characters
    -t                       displays tab as ^I
    -e                       displays enter as $

!!! sh -xv <command...>      for troubleshooting, if a command fails, you can see where exactly it failed in the command script!!!
                             (sh -xv exportvg rootvg)

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/user/bb/4GB_file bs=1m count=4000  it creates a 4GB file
lmktemp <filename> <size_in_bytes>   it creates a file with given size

alias dir='ls'               creates an alias   
unalias dir                  removes an alias
set - unset

df -g | awk '{sum = sum + $3} END {print sum}' it sums up the fs in gigabyte (by the 3rd column)
for i in `ls -l | grep old | awk '{print $9}'` ;  do du -sk $i; done | awk '{sum = sum + $1} END {print sum}'

generating random passwords:
dd if=/dev/urandom bs=16 count=1 2>/dev/null | openssl base64 | sed "s/[=O/\]//g" | cut -b1-8